South African History and Apartheid

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Demonstration

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A public gathering of people showing support or protest about an issue, often with signs, chants, or marches.

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Apartheid

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The former official South African policy of separating people according to race. This policy gave most of the political and economic power to White people.

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Segregation

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The separation of one group of people from another, such as by race.

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Township

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In South Africa, a segregated urban settlement where Black people, Coloured people, and Indians were forced to live during apartheid.

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Protest

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A public act or statement showing disagreement with laws or actions, often to demand change.

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African National Congress

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The main group that organized protests to end apartheid led by Nelson Mandela.

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Boycott

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Refusing to buy or participate in something as a form of protest (e.g., avoiding products from apartheid supporters).

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Nelson Mandela

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A South African leader who fought against apartheid, spent 27 years in prison, and later became the first Black president of South Africa in 1994.

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Soweto Uprising

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A 1976 student protest against unfair schooling; many including Hunter Pieterson were killed by police.

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Pass Law

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A rule forcing Black South Africans to carry ID books to control movement.