How do low-pressure systems rotate?

- Northern Hemisphere: Anticlockwise - Southern Hemisphere: Clockwise

An extension of low pressure from a low-pressure system.

What are tropical cyclones?

Intense low-pressure systems with strong winds, rough seas, and heavy rain, causing widespread damage if they make landfall.

How is wind direction recorded?

By the direction the wind is coming from (e.g., south = southerly wind).

How do winds move in high-pressure systems?

Pressure increases towards the centre of the system. Air descends and moves outwards. - Southern Hemisphere: Anticlockwise - Northern Hemisphere: Clockwise.

How do winds move in low-pressure systems?

Pressure decreases towards the centre of the system. Air ascends and moves inwards. - Southern Hemisphere: Clockwise - Northern Hemisphere: Anticlockwise.

What is the difference between an anticyclone and a cyclone?

- Anticyclone: Anticlockwise winds (Southern Hemisphere). - Cyclone: Clockwise winds (Southern Hemisphere).

What are the steps to estimate wind direction?

1. Identify the pressure system (clockwise or anticlockwise). 2. Wind moves roughly parallel to isobars. 3. Refer to where the wind is coming from.

What do wind indicators show?

Both speed and direction of the wind.

How is wind speed determined?

By the closeness of isobars—closer isobars mean stronger winds.

What are the types of pressure gradients?

- Steep pressure gradient: Close isobars = strong winds. - Slight pressure gradient: Far apart isobars = light winds.

How are sea conditions related to wind?

Stronger winds create rougher seas.

What are the symbols for sea conditions?

- VR: Very Rough - R: Rough - M: Moderate - SL: Slight

The leading edge of change, marking the border between warm and cold air.

What is denser, cold or warm air? How does density affect where the air is in the atmosphere?

Cold air is denser than warm air. As cold air is denser, it tends to sink closer to the Earth's surface while the less dense, warm air rises

What happens in a warm front?

Warm air is pushed into a cold air mass and glides up and over the cooler air at a shallow angle, causing drizzle and light rain over several days.

What happens in a cold front?

Cold air is pushed into a warm air mass and is wedged underneath, forcing the warm air to rise where clouds may form, causing temperature drops, wind changes, cloud buildup, increased humidity, and rain.

What is the acronym for cold front effects?

**DCBIP** - **D:** Decrease in temperature - **C:** Change in wind direction - **B:** Build-up of rain-bearing clouds - **I:** Increase in humidity - **P:** Probability of rain

How do winds affect temperature and humidity?

- Winds off land: Hotter and drier. - Winds off sea: Cooler and wetter (higher humidity).

What is orographic rainfall?

Rain caused by upland areas forcing warm, moist air to rise, leading to steady rain and drizzle.

How do pressure systems shift with seasons?

- Summer: Lows over Northern Australia, Highs over Southern Australia. - Winter: Highs over Northern Australia, Lows over Southern Australia.

Synoptic chart revision Flashcards

Student preview

28 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is barometric pressure?

Back

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air on Earth's surface, measured in hectopascals (hPa).

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What are isobars?

Back

Lines joining places of equal atmospheric pressure, mapped on synoptic charts.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How are pressure cells defined?

Back

By the patterns formed by isobars.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What characterizes high-pressure systems?

Back

Light winds, clear skies, dry weather, and a high diurnal temperature range.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How do high-pressure systems rotate?

Back

- Northern Hemisphere: Clockwise - Southern Hemisphere: Anticlockwise

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a ridge?

Back

An extension of high pressure from a high-pressure system.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What characterizes low-pressure systems?

Back

Stronger winds, cloudy skies, rain, and a lower diurnal temperature range.

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