2.2: Thinking, Problem-Solving, Judgments, and Decision-Making

Front

Concepts

Back

Mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics.

Front

Prototypes

Back

A mental image or best example of a category.

Front

Assimilation

Back

The process of taking in new information and incorporating it into existing cognitive schemas.

Front

Accommodation

Back

The process of altering existing schemas or creating new ones in response to new information.

Front

Algorithms

Back

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution to a problem.

Front

Heuristics

Back

Simple, efficient rules which people often use to form judgments and make decisions.

Front

Representativeness Heuristic

Back

A cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on how similar it is to a typical case.

Front

Availability Heuristic

Back

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind.

Front

Mental Set

Back

A tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked in the past.

Front

Priming

Back

The exposure to one stimulus influences the response to another stimulus.