Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Part 2

Flashcard
•
Science
•
10th Grade
•
Hard
Alan Jordan
FREE Resource
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25 questions
Show all answers
1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What role do neurons play in the human body?
Back
Transmit signals
Answer explanation
The primary function of neurons is to transmit signals rapidly throughout the body, allowing for communication between different parts of the nervous system. This is essential for coordinating responses and processing information.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What role does the sodium-potassium pump play in neurons?
Back
Maintain ionic gradients
Answer explanation
The sodium-potassium pump is crucial in neurons as it maintains ionic gradients by actively transporting sodium out and potassium into the cell, which is essential for generating action potentials and overall neuronal function.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP in neurons?
Back
Mitochondria
Answer explanation
The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP, the energy currency, which is crucial for the high energy demands of neurons.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What causes neurotransmitters to be released from synaptic vesicles during a biology class experiment?
Back
Arrival of an action potential
Answer explanation
The arrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal triggers the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, leading to an influx of calcium ions. This influx causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release neurotransmitters.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Which neurotransmitter is made from glutamine?
Back
Glutamate
Answer explanation
Glutamate is synthesized from glutamine through the action of the enzyme glutaminase. It is a key neurotransmitter in the brain, involved in excitatory signaling, making it the correct answer.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Identify the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system.
Back
GABA
Answer explanation
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, playing a crucial role in reducing neuronal excitability and preventing overstimulation.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How is neurotransmitter action stopped in the human body?
Back
Through reuptake, enzymatic degradation, or diffusion
Answer explanation
Neurotransmitter action is terminated mainly through reuptake into the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic degradation by specific enzymes, or diffusion away from the synaptic cleft, ensuring precise signaling in the nervous system.
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