Respiratory Conditions Flashcard

Front

Which of the following is not a feature of COPD? Most patients have a genetic disposition towards COPD, Dyspnea becomes progressively more severe, Most patients have a history of smoking, Most COPD patients are hypoxic

Back

Most patients have a genetic disposition towards COPD

Answer explanation

Most patients with COPD do not have a genetic predisposition; rather, the condition is primarily linked to environmental factors, especially smoking. The other options accurately describe features of COPD.

Front

Mrs. Sanchez, a long-time smoker, is complaining that she has developed a persistent cough. What is your first guess as to her condition?

Back

Chronic bronchitis

Answer explanation

Mrs. Sanchez's persistent cough, combined with her history as a long-time smoker, strongly suggests chronic bronchitis, a common condition among smokers characterized by a long-term cough and mucus production.

Front

An inherited disease affecting the secretory cells of the lungs, which leads to obstruction of the airways due to thick mucus accumulation is

Back

Cystic fibrosis

Answer explanation

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease that affects the secretory cells in the lungs, causing thick mucus accumulation that obstructs airways. This distinguishes it from other options like pulmonary fibrosis and mesothelioma.

Front

Inhalation of food or other foreign substance into the lungs, can lead to this condition

Back

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer explanation

Inhalation of food or foreign substances can cause aspiration pneumonia, an infection in the lungs due to these materials. Other options like pleurisy and pulmonary tamponade are unrelated to inhalation of foreign substances.

Front

Inflammation of the bronchi, which causes swelling of the lining of the bronchial tubes is

Back

Bronchitis

Answer explanation

Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi, leading to swelling of the bronchial tubes' lining. This distinguishes it from bronchiectasis, emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis, which involve different respiratory issues.

Front

The bluish discoloration that results from inadequate oxygenation of the tissue is

Back

Cyanosis

Answer explanation

Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygenation of the tissues, making it the correct answer. Xanthosis refers to yellowing, erythema indicates redness, and dermatosis is a general term for skin diseases.

Front

A respiratory disease caused by a sensitivity to an allergen with wheezing dyspnea, with inflamed bronchi is

Back

Asthma

Answer explanation

Asthma is a respiratory disease characterized by wheezing, dyspnea, and inflamed bronchi due to sensitivity to allergens. This distinguishes it from atelectasis, emphysema, and COPD, which have different causes and symptoms.

Front

Cessation of breathing is called

Back

Apnea

Answer explanation

Cessation of breathing is referred to as apnea. Eupnea is normal breathing, dyspnea is difficulty in breathing, and hypopnea is shallow breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is apnea.

Front

Which gas has no effect on the blood during normal conditions, but when hyperbaric conditions occur (as in SCUBA diving), bubbles can form in the blood when one comes to the surface too quickly?

Back

Nitrogen

Answer explanation

Nitrogen is inert under normal conditions but can dissolve in blood at high pressures. When ascending too quickly, it forms bubbles, causing decompression sickness, commonly known as 'the bends'. Thus, nitrogen is the correct answer.

Front

Jeremy has asthma and uses an inhaler for wheezing. The medication in the inhaler

Back

Enlarges the bronchioles

Answer explanation

The medication in Jeremy's inhaler enlarges the bronchioles, allowing for easier airflow and relief from wheezing. This is crucial for asthma management, as it helps to open up the airways.