Virginia Biology SOL Review, part 1

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Front

What is PKU?

Back

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results in the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. If untreated, it can lead to intellectual disability.

Front

What are vestigial structures?

Back

Vestigial structures are body parts that have lost their original function through evolution. An example is the wings of an ostrich, which are not used for flying.

Front

What is an arthropod?

Back

Arthropods are invertebrates with an exoskeleton, segmented bodies, and jointed appendages. Examples include insects, arachnids, and crustaceans.

Front

What is the Echinoderm phylum?

Back

Echinoderms are marine animals characterized by their radial symmetry and a water vascular system. Examples include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

Front

What is the function of RNA?

Back

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) plays a crucial role in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. It is involved in protein synthesis.

Front

What is a genetic disorder?

Back

A genetic disorder is a disease caused by abnormalities in an individual's DNA, which can be inherited or occur spontaneously.

Front

What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

Back

The double helix structure of DNA allows for the stable storage of genetic information and the accurate replication of DNA during cell division.

Front

What are the main types of RNA?

Back

The main types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), each serving different roles in protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of proteins in the body?

Back

Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform a variety of functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structural support, and regulating processes.