Characteristics of rural settlements

- Smaller in size and population - More agricultural or natural resource-based economy - Lower population densities, more spread out - Reliant on agriculture and natural resources - Socially homogeneous populations

Characteristics of urban settlements

- Larger in size and population - More diverse and industrialized economy - Higher level of social and cultural complexity - More densely populated - Diverse economy with emphasis on manufacturing, services, and commerce - Wider range of social, cultural, and recreational opportunities - Socially heterogeneous populations

Impact of Transportation Technology

The advancement of transportation technology has impacted the spatial organization of cities, leading to the development of suburbs, urban sprawl, decentralization, growth, and decline.

A model that divides the history of American urban development into four distinct periods, each characterized by the dominant transportation technology of the time.

Borchert's model of American urbanization

First Stage: The Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830)

Cities were clustered within sixty miles of the Atlantic sea coast, and interior cities grew up on rivers with good access to the coast.

Second Stage: The Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870)

Steam-driven railroads allowed for rapid expansion from urban settlements into surrounding regions. Regional rail networks connected cities and resources to industrial sites, and steamboats increased the movement of goods.

Third Stage: The Steel Rail Epoch (1870-1920)

Transcontinental railways emerged, industrial centers in the Northeast and Midwest grew, river cities like New Orleans declined, and Chicago became a central rail hub.

Fourth Stage: Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920 to Present)

Railroads declined, cars allowed cities to spread, highways were constructed, air travel increased, and major urban growth occurred in the Great Lakes and Sunbelt cities.

Example of a Relocated Capital City

Brasilia was commissioned to replace Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazil in the 1950s, as a purpose-built and centrally located city.

Areas where people live in makeshift or informal housing, often without legal title to the land. Also known as favelas, slums, informal settlements, or shanty towns.

Definition of Squatter Settlements

Common Locations of Squatter Settlements

Typically found in urban areas, particularly in developing countries.

Difference between Suburbs and Exurbs

- Suburbs: Outskirts of an urban area, maintaining a connection to the city's culture and identity. - Exurbs: More rural areas beyond suburb boundaries.

A region centered on an urban center that includes adjacent "commuter counties" tied to the urban center. Can be either a metropolitan or micropolitan area. Example: Atlanta, Georgia.

Core-based statistical area (CBSA)

Greater access to automobiles, roads, and commercial developments have expanded outward from the city core, often unplanned, leading to poor infrastructure and connections. Common in US metropolitan areas, it led to new land-use forms: Suburbs, Edge Cities, Boomburbs, Exurbs.

Urban Sprawl & Decentralization

AP HUG Unit 6 Review Flashcards Flashcards

Student preview

73 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The inhabited land where people have made their permanent home.

Back

Ecumene

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The process of population movement from within cities to the outskirts.

Back

Suburbanization

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The spread of urban developments on undeveloped land near a city.

Back

Sprawl

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Development that jumps over established areas, leaving undeveloped land between.

Back

Leap-frog development

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Rapidly growing suburban cities.

Back

Boomburbs

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Areas beyond the suburbs, often more rural.

Back

Exurbs

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

The largest city in a country, disproportionately larger than any others.

Back

Primate city

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