Protein Synthesis and DNA mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate proteins based on the instructions encoded in DNA.

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What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

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Transcription and Translation.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation?

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The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize proteins.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein synthesis.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

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A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message, often caused by insertions or deletions.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.