AP BIO Exam Review

Front

What is the role of protons in ATP synthesis?

Back

Protons flow into the mitochondrial matrix, providing the chemiosmotic energy needed for the synthesis of ATP.

Front

What is the outcome of meiosis?

Back

Meiosis results in 4 genetically distinct haploid gametes.

Front

What is a key advantage of sexual reproduction?

Back

Sexual reproduction provides genetic variation among offspring.

Front

What does Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium predict for recessive alleles?

Back

Recessive alleles will be maintained at the same level in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Front

What is the purpose of the H+ concentration gradient in cellular respiration?

Back

The H+ concentration gradient is formed to generate ATP.

Front

Define chemiosmosis.

Back

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, which is used to generate ATP.

Front

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Back

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells contain two sets (2n).

Front

Explain the significance of genetic variation in populations.

Back

Genetic variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation, allowing populations to respond to environmental changes.

Front

What is the function of ATP synthase?

Back

ATP synthase is an enzyme that synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy from the proton gradient.

Front

What are the stages of meiosis?

Back

Meiosis consists of two stages: Meiosis I (reduction division) and Meiosis II (equational division).