Science Study Guide with answers

Front

Bald eagles live along coastlines and fly down to the water to capture fish which make up a significant part of their diets. Osprey also rely upon fish for their diets. Which statement best describes the relationships between bald eagles, fish, and osprey?

Bald eagles are competitors of fish and parasites of osprey.

Bald eagles are competitors of fish and predators of osprey.

Bald eagles are parasites of fish and competitors of osprey.

Bald eagles are predators of fish and competitors of osprey.

Back

Bald eagles are predators of fish and competitors of osprey.

Front

Which statement correctly matches the hemisphere, season, and Earth's position relative to the Sun?

The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer when it is pointed towards the Sun.

The Northern Hemisphere experiences spring when it is pointed away from the Sun.

The Southern Hemisphere experiences winter when it is pointed towards the Sun.

The Southern Hemisphere experiences fall when it is pointed towards the Sun.

Back

The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer when it is pointed towards the Sun.

Front

Read the passage and the chart to answer Part 2

Back

Part 1

Front

Using both the chart and the diagram, Amelia concluded that ice floats because it is less dense than water.

Which statement provides a logical defense for Amelia's conclusion?

When water becomes ice, its molecules spread farther apart, forming an open network with empty spaces.

The density of water at its freezing point is greater than water at warmer temperatures.

Because ice is colder than cold water, its molecules move even closer together in a fixed arrangement. 

When water freezes, the bonds between its molecules break, allowing them to separate.

Back

When water becomes ice, its molecules spread farther apart, forming an open network with empty spaces.

Front

Which activity is most likely to cause an increase in Earth’s surface temperature?

littering, because this activity increases the amount of matter in landfills

burning trash, because this activity adds heat energy to the atmosphere

planting trees, because trees absorb greenhouse gasses

burning fossil fuels, because this activity releases greenhouse gasses

Back

Burning fossil fuels, because this activity releases greenhouse gases.

Front

When tertiary consumers such as tuna and grouper, are frequently captured by fisherman, what impact does it have on the ocean ecosystem?

Quaternary consumer populations decline because they have no tuna and grouper to eat.

Smaller fish become more abundant and the food chain balance is disrupted.

The number of fish in the ocean is so large that it has no impact.

Tuna and grouper produce more offspring to increase their populations.

Back

Smaller fish become more abundant and the food chain balance is disrupted.

Front

Some scientists predict that overfishing and habitat change may cause mass extinctions of Earth's marine species.

Why are these human-caused changes potentially so dangerous to many species?

These changes occur faster than many organisms can adapt.

These changes affect the source of energy for the ecosystem.

These changes prevent organisms from migrating.

These changes are more artificial rather than natural events.

Back

These changes occur faster than many organisms can adapt.

Front

The diagram below shows a model of Earth and the Sun during a specific season in the Southern Hemisphere.

Which season is represented in the Southern Hemisphere by the positions of Earth and the Sun?

Back

Summer, because the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun

Front

Scientists describe energy transfer in a community using a diagram called an energy pyramid.

The energy pyramid shows how energy flows in through the community. Based on this energy pyramid, which of these statements is true?

Energy flows from the top of the energy pyramid down to lower levels.

Going up the pyramid, each level has less energy than the level below.

The sun provides only some of the energy that moves through the energy pyramid.

The top predator in the community only eats carnivores.

Back

Going up the pyramid, each level has less energy than the level below.

Front

This diagram shows energy flow in a deciduous forest biome. Energy flow in a biome is like energy flow in an ecosystem but there will be many more connections and organisms. Food chains are replaced with food webs as the relationships become more complex. 

In this deciduous forest biome, which shows the correct order of numbers of organisms from smallest to largest?

primary consumer --> producers --> tertiary consumer --> secondary consumer 

producers --> primary consumer --> secondary consumer --> tertiary consumer 

tertiary consumer --> secondary consumer --> primary consumer --> producers

tertiary consumer --> secondary consumer --> producers --> primary consumer 

Back

tertiary consumer → secondary consumer → primary consumer → producers