Cell Molec Final Review

Front

What is cell senescence?

Back

Cell senescence is a state in which a cell stops dividing and enters a state of permanent growth arrest, often in response to stress or damage.

Front

How do cyclin concentration and cdk activity differ over time?

Back

Cyclin concentration rises and falls gradually, while cdk activity shows a sharp increase and decrease.

Front

What role do mitochondria play in regulating cell death?

Back

Mitochondria regulate cell death by controlling the release of cytochrome c, which is involved in the apoptotic pathway.

Front

How many genes are required to reprogram cells into iPS stem cells?

Back

Four genes are required to reprogram cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.

Front

What is the process to conceive a child with three genetic parents?

Back

The process involves removing the nucleus from an embryo with unhealthy mitochondria and inserting it into a donor embryo with healthy mitochondria.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliminating damaged cells.

Front

What is the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which drive the progression through different phases.

Front

What is the significance of cytochrome c in cellular respiration?

Back

Cytochrome c is a key component of the electron transport chain in mitochondria, playing a crucial role in ATP production.

Front

What are induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells?

Back

iPS cells are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state, allowing them to differentiate into various cell types.

Front

What is the role of the p53 protein in cell cycle regulation?

Back

The p53 protein acts as a tumor suppressor, regulating the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis in response to DNA damage.