Chapter 4 Review - Multiple Choice

Front

What makes a study an experiment?

Back

Random Assignment

Front

What is sampling variability?

Back

The natural variation in results that occurs when different samples are taken from the same population.

Front

What is response bias?

Back

A tendency for respondents to answer questions inaccurately or falsely, often due to the wording of the question.

Front

What is nonresponse bias?

Back

A bias that occurs when certain individuals selected for a sample do not respond, leading to a potential misrepresentation of the population.

Front

What is undercoverage bias?

Back

A bias that occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.

Front

What is the largest population to which survey results should be generalized?

Back

The population from which the sample was drawn, in this case, the 9000 registered voters from California in the database.

Front

What is the primary advantage of controlled experiments over observational studies?

Back

Experiments provide stronger evidence of cause-and-effect relationships.

Front

What are independent and dependent variables?

Back

Independent variables are manipulated in an experiment, while dependent variables are measured to see if they are affected by changes in the independent variable.

Front

What is external validity?

Back

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to, or have relevance for, settings, people, times, and measures other than the ones used in the study.

Front

What is a control group?

Back

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.