Punnett Squares

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What is a Punnett Square?

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A Punnett Square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

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What does genotype mean?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles it possesses for a particular trait.

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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

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Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., RR or rr), while heterozygous means having two different alleles (e.g., Rr).

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What does dominant mean in genetics?

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Dominant refers to an allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

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What does recessive mean in genetics?

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Recessive refers to an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

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What is incomplete dominance?

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Incomplete dominance is a genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).

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What is co-dominance?

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Co-dominance is a genetic situation where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that shows both traits (e.g., a calico cat).

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What is a phenotype?

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Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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How do you determine the genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype?

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To determine the genotype, a test cross can be performed by crossing the organism with a homozygous recessive individual.

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What is a monohybrid cross?

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A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between two individuals that differ in a single trait, typically involving one pair of contrasting traits.