AP Biology: Unit 5 Review (CED)

Front

What phase of meiosis describes the law of segregation?

Back

Anaphase I is the phase of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are pulled apart, demonstrating the law of segregation.

Front

In animals, traits determined by mitochondrial DNA are inherited from whom?

Back

Mitochondrial DNA traits are inherited from the mother.

Front

What is the process called when homologous chromatids exchange genetic material?

Back

This process is known as crossing over, which increases genetic diversity.

Front

When does independent assortment occur during meiosis?

Back

Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I when homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during anaphase.

Front

Define meiosis.

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.

Front

What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

Back

Crossing over increases genetic variation by allowing the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Front

Explain the law of independent assortment.

Back

The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

Front

What is the role of spindle fibers during meiosis?

Back

Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during anaphase by attaching to the centromeres and pulling them apart.

Front

What is a gamete?

Back

A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that contains half the genetic material of an organism.