Unit 7 Meiosis and genetics flashcard

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What is meiosis?

Back

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes (sperm or eggs). It is essential for sexual reproduction.

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What is the purpose of meiosis?

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The purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes for sexual reproduction and to introduce genetic variation through processes like crossing over and independent assortment.

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Define heterozygous genotype.

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A heterozygous genotype consists of two different alleles for a particular gene, one inherited from each parent.

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What is polygenic inheritance?

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Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance where multiple genes contribute to a single trait, resulting in a range of phenotypes.

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What is a phenotypic ratio?

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A phenotypic ratio is the ratio of different phenotypes that appear in the offspring from a genetic cross.

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What is genetic variation?

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Genetic variation refers to the diversity in gene frequencies within a population, which is crucial for evolution and adaptation.

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What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

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Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.

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What is the significance of crossing over in meiosis?

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to increased genetic diversity in gametes.

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What is the expected outcome of crossing two heterozygous individuals?

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The expected outcome of crossing two heterozygous individuals (e.g., Aa x Aa) is a genotypic ratio of 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa.

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What is a gamete?

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A gamete is a reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that carries half the genetic information of an organism.