Biology B Final Exam Review Part I

Front

What are the nitrogen bases found in DNA and RNA?

Back

Adenine, Thymine (DNA only), Cytosine, Guanine (both), Uracil (RNA only)

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of protein synthesis and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

Front

What is cancer in terms of cell division?

Back

Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division, often due to mutations that disrupt normal regulatory mechanisms.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains Thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains Uracil.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons in mRNA.