CAST Basic Earth and Space Science Review

Front

What is the primary driver of Earth's weather and climate?

Back

The Sun is the primary driver of Earth's weather and climate, providing the energy necessary for atmospheric processes.

Front

What type of plate boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other?

Back

A Divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other, leading to the formation of new crust.

Front

Which layer of Earth is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel?

Back

The Outer core is composed primarily of liquid iron and nickel, which generates Earth's magnetic field.

Front

True or False: The Moon's surface shows no signs of erosion because it lacks water and an atmosphere.

Back

True. The Moon's surface is largely unchanged due to the absence of water and an atmosphere, which are necessary for erosion.

Front

Which planet in our solar system has the largest volcano, Olympus Mons?

Back

Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system, known as Olympus Mons.

Front

What is the process called when one tectonic plate is forced under another?

Back

Subduction is the process where one tectonic plate is forced under another, often leading to volcanic activity.

Front

Define a Convergent boundary in plate tectonics.

Back

A Convergent boundary is where two tectonic plates move towards each other, often causing one plate to be forced beneath the other.

Front

What is the significance of ocean currents in Earth's climate?

Back

Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate by distributing heat around the planet.

Front

What is the composition of Earth's crust?

Back

The Earth's crust is primarily composed of solid rock, including both continental and oceanic crust.

Front

Explain the greenhouse effect.

Back

The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warm.