Genetics Review

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What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles (e.g., RR, Rr, rr).

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What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

Front

What does homozygous mean?

Back

Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., RR or rr).

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What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Rr).

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What is a dominant trait?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one allele is present (e.g., R in Rr).

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What is a recessive trait?

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A recessive trait is one that is only expressed in the phenotype when two copies of the allele are present (e.g., rr).

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in an organism's DNA that can lead to variation in a species.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

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What is the purpose of selective breeding?

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Selective breeding is the process of choosing specific organisms to reproduce in order to enhance desired traits in future generations.

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What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

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Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the physical expression of that genetic makeup.