Gene Expression and Regulation Basics

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Gene Expression

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by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, often proteins.

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Transcription

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of RNA from a DNA template.

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Translation

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of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

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mRNA

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RNA; carries genetic information from DNA to ribosome.

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tRNA

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RNA; brings amino acids to ribosome during protein synthesis.

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rRNA

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RNA; component of ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.

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Promoter

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sequence where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

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Enhancer

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sequence that increases transcription levels of a gene.

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Silencer

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sequence that can repress the transcription of a gene.

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Operon

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of genes under control of a single promoter.