APES unit 4 vocab

Front

What is parent material in the context of soil science?

Back

The unweathered geological material from which soil is formed.

Front

What is a horizon in soil science?

Back

A distinct layer within the soil profile.

Front

What is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere?

Back

Troposphere (8-15 kilometers above the Earth's surface).

Front

What absorbs and scatters solar ultraviolet radiation and extends to approximately 50 kilometers?

Back

Stratosphere.

Front

What are the parts of the ENSO climate pattern?

Back

El Niño/El Niña.

Front

What is soil texture?

Back

The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay in soil.

Front

What is soil permeability?

Back

The ability of soil to transmit water and air.

Front

What is the role of organic matter in soil?

Back

It improves soil structure, fertility, and moisture retention.

Front

What is the significance of the O horizon in soil?

Back

It is the top layer rich in organic material and decomposed matter.

Front

What is the difference between weathering and erosion?

Back

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks, while erosion is the movement of soil and rock by wind or water.