Flashcard on The Genome - Concepts of Biology

Front

What are the functional units of chromosomes that determine specific characteristics?

Back

Genes

Front

What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

Back

Locus

Front

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells have?

Back

46

Front

What is the term for the different forms of a characteristic?

Back

Alleles

Front

What is the complete complement of DNA in a cell called?

Back

Genome

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

Nucleotides

Front

What is the process by which DNA is copied to RNA?

Back

Transcription

Front

What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?

Back

Gene

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesized from amino acids.