Renal Physio

Front

What happens to plasma osmolarity when a woman drinks distilled water after running a marathon in hot weather?

Back

Decreased plasma osmolarity.

Front

What is a common cause of hyperkalemia?

Back

Exercise.

Front

What occurs at plasma concentrations of glucose higher than the transport maximum (Tm)?

Back

Excretion rate of glucose increases with increasing plasma glucose concentrations.

Front

What effect does increased filtration fraction have on the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in the proximal tubule?

Back

It produces an increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid.

Front

What does it indicate if the clearance of a substance that is freely filtered is less than that of inulin?

Back

There is net reabsorption of the substance in the tubules.

Front

Define hyperkalemia.

Back

A condition characterized by elevated levels of potassium in the blood.

Front

What is the role of the proximal tubule in renal physiology?

Back

The proximal tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of a significant portion of filtered water, electrolytes, and nutrients.

Front

Explain the term 'clearance' in renal physiology.

Back

Clearance refers to the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidneys per unit time.

Front

What is the significance of the transport maximum (Tm) for glucose?

Back

Tm is the maximum rate at which glucose can be reabsorbed from the renal tubules into the blood.

Front

How does extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expansion affect renal function?

Back

It typically leads to decreased reabsorption of sodium and water, affecting fluid balance.