PBS 2.2.2 Flashcard

Front

What is the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosome.

Front

How many different amino acids are there?

Back

There are 20 different amino acids.

Front

What molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Front

What is a point mutation?

Back

A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between insertion and deletion mutations?

Back

Insertion mutations add one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence, while deletion mutations remove one or more nucleotides.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon in translation?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the end product of translation?

Back

The end product of translation is a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.