AP Biology Unit 6

Front

Where does translation take place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back

Prokaryotes - cytosol; Eukaryotes - cytosol or rough ER.

Front

What amino acid sequence is produced from the mRNA codon sequence 5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'?

Back

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu.

Front

What process is shown when proteins are synthesized from mRNA?

Back

Translation.

Front

What is the complementary DNA strand to 5' - CAGGT - 3'?

Back

3' - GTCCA - 5'.

Front

Define purines and pyrimidines in terms of their structure.

Back

Purines (A & G) have a double ring structure; Pyrimidines (C, T, & U) have a single ring structure.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in translation?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Back

AUG is the start codon that signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?

Back

Prokaryotic translation occurs in the cytosol, while eukaryotic translation can occur in the cytosol or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.