Presidential Character and Leadership Styles

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First Model: James David Barber’s is

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"Presidential Character"

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What are the four main categories of presidential character according to "Presidential Character"?

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active-positive, active-negative, passive-positive, and passive-negative

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Presidents with an ^______character are enthusiastic, energetic, and confident in their leadership, while those with active-negative traits may have intense drive but are often driven by insecurity and frustration.

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active positive

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presidents tend to be more laid-back and agreeable, whereas passive-negative leaders are detached and disengaged. What type of leader is described as laid-back and agreeable?

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passive positive

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passive-negative leaders are detached and

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disengaged

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What model emphasizes the political and historical context of a president’s time in office, suggesting that presidents are either aligned with or opposed to?

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Stephen Skowronek’s "Realignment Model"