chương5

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1. Cache Memory

Back

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to the processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications, and data.

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2. Types of Cache Access

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When the CPU accesses cache, it can either hit (trúng cache) or miss (trượt cache). A hit means the data is found in the cache, while a miss means it must be fetched from slower memory.

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3. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

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SRAM is a type of RAM that uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit. It is faster and more reliable than DRAM but is also more expensive.

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4. Chip Capacity Calculation

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The capacity of a chip with signals A0 to A13 and D0 to D15 is calculated as 16K x 16 bits, meaning it can store 16,384 words of 16 bits each.

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5. Read and Write Signals

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RD (Read) is a control signal that indicates data is being read from memory, while WE (Write Enable) indicates data is being written to memory.

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6. ROM (Read-Only Memory)

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ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that is used primarily in the startup process of a computer. It retains its contents even when the power is off.

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7. Types of ROM

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PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) can be programmed once, while EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) can be erased and reprogrammed multiple times.

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8. Instruction Cycle Stages

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The instruction cycle consists of several stages: Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Write Back. The typical order is: Fetch instruction, Decode instruction, Execute instruction, Write back results.

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9. Number of Stages in Instruction Execution

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To execute an instruction, a processor typically goes through 5 stages: Fetch, Decode, Execute, Memory Access, and Write Back.

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10. Importance of Cache Memory

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Cache memory is crucial for improving the speed of data access and overall system performance by reducing the time it takes to access data from the main memory.