Cellular Biochemistry

Front

What is the pH scale and how does it relate to acidity?

Back

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower values indicating higher acidity. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic. For example, Coca Cola has a pH of around 3, making it highly acidic.

Front

How much more acidic is Coca Cola compared to blood?

Back

Coca Cola is 10,000 times more acidic than blood, which has a pH of around 7.

Front

What is the equation for the rate of the k2 reaction in enzyme kinetics?

Back

V = k2 * [ES], where V is the reaction rate, k2 is the rate constant, and [ES] is the concentration of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Front

What is the total ATP yield from glucose fermentation under anaerobic conditions?

Back

Under anaerobic conditions, glucose is fermented to produce a total of 2 ATP.

Front

What is the total ATP yield from glucose oxidation in the presence of oxygen?

Back

In the presence of oxygen, glucose is fully oxidized to yield 32 ATP.

Front

What is the role of the TK domain in signaling pathways?

Back

The TK (tyrosine kinase) domain is crucial for signal transduction in cells, facilitating the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on target proteins.

Front

What happens in a double mutant lacking both the TK domain and the tyrosine tail?

Back

The double mutant will not produce a signal, as both essential components for signaling are absent.

Front

What is the significance of the tyrosine tail in receptor signaling?

Back

The tyrosine tail is important for the recruitment of signaling proteins and the propagation of the signal within the cell.

Front

What occurs when EGF mutants with a non-functional TK domain and a non-functional tyrosine tail are transfected together?

Back

The combination of these mutants can still produce a signal, as the presence of one functional component can compensate for the other.

Front

Define anaerobic respiration.

Back

Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs without oxygen, resulting in the partial breakdown of glucose and the production of byproducts like lactate or ethanol.