Ellis Biology 3.2.3 Environmental Genetics

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What is environmental genetics?

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Environmental genetics is the study of how environmental factors influence the expression of genes and traits in organisms.

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What is phenotype?

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Phenotype refers to the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is genotype?

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Genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, representing the specific alleles inherited from parents.

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How does the environment influence genetic traits?

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The environment can affect the expression of genetic traits, such as through nutrition, exposure to sunlight, and other external factors.

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What is PKU (phenylketonuria)?

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PKU is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body.

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How can diet affect individuals with PKU?

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A strict diet low in phenylalanine can help prevent mental defects and other health issues in individuals with PKU.

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What is the role of nutrition in trait expression?

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Nutrition can influence phenotype by affecting growth, development, and overall health, thereby altering the expression of certain traits.

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What is the relationship between skin cancer and UV exposure?

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Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can increase the risk of developing skin cancer.

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What is the significance of freckles as a genetic trait?

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Freckles can be an example of a trait influenced by environmental factors, such as sun exposure, rather than solely genetic inheritance.

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What is the importance of avoiding phenylalanine in PKU patients?

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Avoiding phenylalanine is crucial for PKU patients to prevent neurological damage and cognitive impairments.