AP Chem Acids/Bases

Front

What is an acid-base conjugate pair?

Back

An acid-base conjugate pair consists of two species that differ by a proton (H+). The acid donates a proton, while the conjugate base is what remains after the acid has donated the proton.

Front

Identify the conjugate base of H2CO3.

Back

The conjugate base of H2CO3 (carbonic acid) is HCO3- (bicarbonate).

Front

What is the role of water in acid-base reactions?

Back

Water can act as both an acid and a base, depending on the reaction. It can donate a proton (acting as an acid) or accept a proton (acting as a base).

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.

Front

How do you calculate pH from [H+] concentration?

Back

pH = -log[H+]. For example, if [H+] = 2.5 × 10^-5, then pH = -log(2.5 × 10^-5) = 4.60.

Front

What is a strong acid?

Back

A strong acid is one that completely dissociates in solution, releasing all of its protons. Examples include HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4.

Front

What is a weak acid?

Back

A weak acid partially dissociates in solution, establishing an equilibrium between the undissociated acid and its ions. Examples include acetic acid (CH3COOH) and carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Front

What is the equivalence point in a titration?

Back

The equivalence point is the stage in a titration where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of substance being titrated.

Front

What happens at the half-equivalence point in a titration of a weak acid with a strong base?

Back

At the half-equivalence point, the concentration of the weak acid equals the concentration of its conjugate base, and pH = pKa.

Front

What is the significance of the titration curve?

Back

The titration curve shows how the pH of a solution changes as a titrant is added. It helps identify the equivalence point and the strength of the acid and base involved.