Intro to Genetics test review

Front

What is the definition of a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Front

What is the definition of a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its phenotype when two copies are present (homozygous).

Front

What is the genotype of a heterozygous individual?

Back

The genotype of a heterozygous individual consists of two different alleles for a particular gene, e.g., Bb.

Front

What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant individual?

Back

The genotype of a homozygous dominant individual consists of two identical dominant alleles, e.g., BB.

Front

What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive individual?

Back

The genotype of a homozygous recessive individual consists of two identical recessive alleles, e.g., bb.

Front

What is the Law of Segregation?

Back

The Law of Segregation states that during gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Front

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Back

The Law of Independent Assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

Front

How do you calculate the probability of offspring genotypes in a genetic cross?

Back

Use a Punnett square to determine the possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

Front

What is a pedigree chart?

Back

A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors.

Front

What does it mean if a trait is sex-linked?

Back

A sex-linked trait is a trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent, often found on the X or Y chromosome.