A Light in the Darkness, Part 2

Front

What were the Crusades?

Back

A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over control of the Holy Land, initiated by Pope Urban II in 1095.

Front

Why did the Crusades happen?

Back

Muslims controlled the Holy Land, the Byzantine Empire needed help, religious enthusiasm, and the pursuit of wealth and power.

Front

What were the positive effects of the Crusades?

Back

Increased trade, cultural exchange, and new learning leading to the Renaissance.

Front

What were the negative effects of the Crusades?

Back

Increased religious conflicts, violence and destruction, and the weakening of the Byzantine Empire.

Front

What was the Inquisition?

Back

A Church court set up to find and punish people accused of heresy, especially powerful in Spain under Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand.

Front

What did the Inquisition do?

Back

Investigated heretics, forced confessions, and punished those found guilty with exile, imprisonment, or death.

Front

What was lay investiture?

Back

The practice where kings and nobles chose bishops and church leaders instead of the Pope.

Front

What was the Investiture Controversy?

Back

A conflict where King Henry IV of Germany refused to follow Pope Gregory VII's rule against lay investiture, leading to his excommunication.

Front

What was the Great Schism?

Back

A split in Christianity in 1054 that created the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Front

What were the reasons for the Great Schism?

Back

Power struggle, Filioque Controversy, language barriers, different traditions, and mutual excommunication.