World War II (Modern)

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Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

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Axis Powers

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Alliance of the United States, Soviet Union, and Great Britain

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Allied Powers

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"Lightning War"; German military tactic of quick, overwhelming attacks.

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Blitzkrieg

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The air force of Nazi Germany, led bombing campaigns during the Battle of Britain.

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Luftwaffe

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Aerial battle in 1940 where the British RAF (Royal Air Force) stood alone and defended the UK against German Luftwaffe air attacks.

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Battle of Britain

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Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, breaking their non-aggression pact.

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Operation Barbarossa

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Allied invasion of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944, to liberate Western Europe from Nazi control.

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D-Day

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Surprise attack by Japan on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, bringing the U.S. into the war.

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Pearl Harbor

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Deal allowing Germany to take part of Czechoslovakia as an act of appeasement, leading British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain to declare "peace for our time."

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Munich Agreement

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Brutal battle (1942–1943) between Germany and the Soviet Union, known for intense urban fighting in the city’s streets and buildings. It was a major turning point of the war, with Soviet forces trapping and defeating the German army.

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Battle of Stalingrad