11.2 Lesson Flashcard

Front

How is genetic information organized in prokaryotic cells?

Back

In a circular chromosome not enclosed in a nucleus.

Front

What is the structure of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Back

They are tightly bound to proteins called histones, forming nucleosomes.

Front

What are the four main phases of the cell cycle?

Back

G₁, S, G₂, M

Front

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

Back

Metaphase

Front

What is chromatin?

Back

A substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes consisting of DNA tightly coiled around histones.

Front

What is the function of histones in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Histones help package DNA into a compact, organized structure called chromatin.

Front

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes.

Front

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Back

The mitotic spindle helps separate the chromosomes and pull them to opposite poles of the cell.

Front

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Back

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Front

What is the difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Back

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs through cleavage furrow formation; in plant cells, a cell plate forms.