How do volcanoes affect the atmosphere?

Volcanoes release gases and ash, the ash can temporarily block the sun and cause global temperatures to drop

What gases are released during a volcanic eruptions?

water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide

What do greenhouse gases do?

They contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

Transform: Plates slide past each other; geological activity includes earthquakes.

Geological feature formed when two oceanic plates collide.

When two oceanic plates collide, a trench and volcanic island arc are formed.

Type of boundary where most volcanoes are found.

Most volcanoes are found at convergent boundaries.

Arrival times of P-wave and S-wave.

P-waves arrive first, followed by S-waves, with a lag time between them.

Formation of different types of rocks.

- Igneous rocks form from cooled magma or lava. - Sedimentary rocks form from the compaction and cementation of sediments. - Metamorphic rocks form from existing rocks transformed by heat and pressure.

Rock Type: Sedimentary

Formed from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles.

Formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.

Rock Type: Metamorphic

Formed from the transformation of existing rock types through heat and pressure.

Volcanoes and Soil Formation

Volcanoes contribute to soil formation by breaking down volcanic rocks into smaller particles.

The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.

The process of breaking down rocks through chemical reactions, often involving water and gases.

Conditions for Accelerated Chemical Weathering

Warm temperatures and high moisture levels accelerate chemical weathering.

Formation of Potholes

Potholes form due to the expansion and contraction of water in cracks, leading to the breakdown of pavement. Freeze and thawing pattern

Water's ability to dissolve lots of substances

Temperature of Water vs. Sand

Water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb more heat without a significant change in temperature.

Water Cycle and Energy Transfer

Water transfers energy through processes like evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, distributing heat globally.

Seismic Waves and Earth's Interior

Seismic waves help scientists understand the structure of Earth's interior by analyzing how these waves travel through different layers.

Weathering vs. Erosion

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks in place, while erosion involves the movement of rock particles by wind, water, or ice.

Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

Earthquakes are often caused by the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines, releasing energy in the form of seismic waves.

Oceanic vs. Continental Crust

Oceanic crust is denser and thinner than continental crust, which is thicker and less dense.

Role of Water in Erosion

Water contributes to erosion by transporting rock particles and sediments through rivers, rain, and ocean currents.

Formation of Mountains

Mountains form through tectonic forces such as the collision and convergence of continental plates.

Weathering and Soil Formation

Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller particles, contributing to soil formation over time.

Midterm Flashcard

Student preview

42 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Model of the solar nebula and explanation of how the planets formed.

Back

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Role of gravity in the formation of the solar system.

Back

Gravity caused the collapse of the solar nebula, leading to the formation of the sun and planets. It also helped in the accretion of planetesimals into planets.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Location of terrestrial, Jovian, and dwarf planets in the solar system.

Back

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Characteristics of Jovian and terrestrial planets.

Back

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Definition of eccentricity and meanings of e=0 and e=1.

Back

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Earth's tilt creates different seasons throughout the year by causing varying amounts of sunlight to reach different parts of the planet.

Back

The changing seasons are a result of this variation in sunlight.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Spring Tide

Back

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