Geology Flashcards

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Deposition

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The natural process of adding transported sediments to a landform.

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Erosion

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The transport of fragments of rock by water, wind, ice, or gravity.

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Extrusive igneous rock

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Rock formed from the cooling of molten rock on Earth’s surface. Examples include basalt, rhyolite, and pumice.

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Intrusive igneous rock

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Rock formed from the cooling of molten rock below Earth’s surface. Examples include granite, diorite, and gabbro.

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Lava

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Molten rock that has erupted onto Earth’s surface.

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Lithification

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The compaction and cementing of sediment into rock.

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Magma

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Molten rock below Earth’s surface.

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Metamorphic rock

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Rock that has been changed by heat and pressure. Examples include slate, schist, gneiss, and marble.

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Rock cycle

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A continuous series of events through which a rock is transformed from one type to another.

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Sediment

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Rock fragments that have been transported to a different location. Examples include clay, silt, sand, and pebbles.