The American Civil War: Key Battles and Leaders (1861-1862)

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Northern Advantages

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Larger population (22 million vs 9 million), Superior industrial capacity, Better railroad network, Stronger navy, Greater financial resources.

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Southern Advantages

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Fighting on home territory, Superior military leadership, Defensive position, Experienced horsemen, Strong motivation to protect homeland.

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The Anaconda Plan

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Developed by General Winfield Scott with three main components: Naval blockade of Southern ports, Control of Mississippi River, Divide the Confederacy in half. Initially mocked but proved effective.

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Confederate Leadership: Jefferson Davis

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President of Confederate States, Former U.S. Senator and Secretary of War.

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Confederate Leadership: Alexander Stephens

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Vice President of Confederacy, Previously served in U.S. House, Key advocate for states' rights.

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Confederate Military Leaders: Robert E. Lee

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Commander of Army of Northern Virginia, West Point graduate, Initially offered command of Union Army, Known for tactical brilliance.

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Confederate Military Leaders: Stonewall Jackson

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Earned nickname at First Bull Run, Brilliant military strategist, Valley Campaign success, Lee's most trusted general.

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Union Military Leadership: George McClellan

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Commander of Army of Potomac, Excellent organizer and trainer, Overly cautious in battle, Often hesitated to engage Lee, Removed from command in 1862.

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Major Battles 1861: Fort Sumter

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First battle of the war, Confederate victory, Sparked war's beginning.

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Major Battles 1861: First Bull Run/Manassas

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First major land battle, Confederate victory, Showed war wouldn't be quick, Where Jackson earned his nickname.