wars, Christians vs. Muslims for Holy Land

*Front:* Pope Urban II

Called for the First Crusade to reclaim holy land and support Byzantine Empire

plague, killed millions in Europe; arrived via fleas on rats through trade

*Front:* Eastern Orthodox Church

church in Byzantine Empire; led by college of patriarchs

*Front:* Roman Catholic Church

Christian church, led by the Pope

*Front:* Constantinople

of Byzantine Empire, strategic location along the Bosphorus Strait; connecting Europe and Asia

empress, wife of Justinian I, influential in Byzantine politics

Control or decision-making is distributed across multiple people, groups, or systems, rather than being controlled by a single central authority.

Control or decision-making is concentrated in a single authority or entity, rather than being distributed.

Piece of land or property granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for military service or other obligations during the medieval period

A person in the feudal system who received land or protection from a lord in exchange for loyalty, military service, or other duties

Split that occurred in 1054 between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Political and religious states led by a caliph, who was considered the successor to the Prophet Muhammad. The caliphate system began after Muhammad's death in 632 CE

The Umayyad Caliphate & The Abbasid Caliphat

The golden ages of the post-classical period; marked by expansion, innovation, and development

A region in the Middle East that is considered sacred by several major religions, including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Preserved by the Byzantine Empire

The fall of Rome was a complex process, driven by multiple causes and leading to significant consequences.

The desire to reclaim Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control, fueled by Christian religious fervor and the call for holy war. : The Pope sought to unite Christian Europe under the banner of the Church. European monarchs and nobles sought to gain land, wealth, and prestige through military conquest.

The Crusades facilitated the transfer of knowledge, technology, and ideas between the Islamic world and Europe. Decline in Feudalism. As nobles were weakened by the Crusades, monarchs gained more power, which helped in the development of stronger centralized states.

Siege of Constantinople

Ottoman Turks successfully captured the Byzantine capital; renaming city Istanbul

Agricultural laborers in medieval Europe; peasants had limited personal freedoms while serfs were bound to the land

Moved the capital to Byzantium; named after himself Constantinople

Byzantine Empire and Medieval Europe Flashcards

Student preview

30 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Byzantine Empire

Back

Eastern Roman Empire, capital at Constantinople

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Justinian I

Back

Byzantine Emperor, greatly expanded the empire, Justinian Code

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Hagia Sophia

Back

marvel, church in Constantinople

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Feudalism

Back

Political and social system in medieval Europe, reciprocal relationships

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Manorialism

Back

economic system in Feudal Europe, self-sufficient estates

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Charlemagne

Back

of the Franks, Holy Roman Emperor

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

*Front:* Vikings

Back

explorers, traders, and raiders

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