protein synthesis vocab

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Nucleus

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The central and most important part of a cell, containing the genetic material.

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Ribosome

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A complex molecular machine found within all living cells that performs biological protein synthesis (translation).

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Transcription

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Translation

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The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

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mRNA

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Messenger RNA; a type of RNA that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

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tRNA

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Transfer RNA; a type of RNA that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein.

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rRNA

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Ribosomal RNA; a type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up the ribosome.

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Anti-codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.