Question: Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect speech. They cried, “Bravo! Well done.” (a) They shouted in joy that they had done well. (b) They cried in joy for doing well. (c) They cried loudly for doing well. (d) They exclaimed with wonder that they had done well.

Answer: ✅ Correct Option: (d) They exclaimed with wonder that they had done well. Explanation: "Bravo! Well done." is an exclamatory sentence . In indirect speech , exclamations are reported using verbs like exclaimed with joy/wonder/surprise etc. The tense changes from simple past ("Well done") to past perfect ("had done well") in indirect speech. The phrase "cried" in the direct speech is better replaced with "exclaimed with wonder" to match the meaning.

Question: The 40th Amendment Act of 1976 was applied to which Article of the Constitution of India ? (a) 297 (b) 248 (c) 245 (d) 226

✅ Correct Option: (a) Article 297 Explanation: The 40th Amendment Act, 1976 made significant changes to the Constitution of India . It amended Article 297 , which deals with the ownership and control of minerals, oil resources, and maritime zones of India . The amendment ensured that all lands, minerals, and resources within India’s territorial waters, continental shelf, and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) belonged to the Union Government . This change was crucial in defining India’s rights over offshore resources . Related SSC Questions: Which Constitutional Amendment made changes to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution? ✅ 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 W hich amendment added the words "Socialist," "Secular," and "Integrity" to the Preamble? ✅ 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 Which amendment gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)? ✅ 89th Amendment Act, 2003

Question: Which of the following is the study of insects and their relationship to humans, the environment, and other organisms? (a) Ornithology (b) Entomology (c) Ethology (d) Mycology

✅ Correct Option: (b) Entomology Explanation: Entomology is the branch of zoology that deals with the study of insects , including their classification, structure, function, and their impact on humans and ecosystems. (a) Ornithology → Study of birds, including their behavior, ecology, and conservation. Example: Study of migratory birds like Siberian cranes. (c) Ethology → Study of animal behavior, focusing on their natural instincts and responses. Example: Konrad Lorenz's study on imprinting in geese. (d) Mycology → Study of fungi, including their structure, diseases, and applications in medicine. Example: Penicillin, a life-saving antibiotic, is derived from the Penicillium fungus. Related SSC Questions: What is the study of algae called? ✅ Phycology Which branch of science deals with the study of fossils? ✅ Paleontology What is the study of fish called? ✅ Ichthyology Which branch of science deals with the study of viruses? ✅ Virology

Question: With reference to the administration of the Delhi Sultanate , which of the following was the department of State Correspondence ? (a) Diwan-i-arz (b) Diwan-i-khairat (c) Diwan-i-risalt (d) Diwan-i-insha

✅ Correct Option: (d) Diwan-i-insha Explanation: Diwan-i-insha was responsible for state correspondence, royal proclamations, and diplomatic communications during the Delhi Sultanate period. It was headed by Dabir-i-Khas (Chief Secretary), who managed official letters, treaties, and royal decrees. Explanation of Other Options: (a) Diwan-i-arz → Military department, responsible for army administration, recruitment, and maintenance. Headed by: Ariz-i-Mumalik. (b) Diwan-i-khairat → Department for charity and welfare, established by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Managed orphanages and provided aid to the poor. (c) D iwan-i-risalt → Handled religious and diplomatic affairs, including correspondence with religious scholars and foreign envoys. Related SSC Questions: Who was the founder of the Delhi Sultanate? ✅ Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206 AD) Which Sultan established the 'Diwan-i-Mustakhraj' (department of revenue collection)? ✅ Alauddin Khilji Who introduced the 'Diwan-i-Bandagan' (department for slaves)? ✅ Firoz Shah Tughlaq W hich department was responsible for auditing and accounts in the Delhi Sultanate? ✅ Diwan-i-Wazarat (Headed by Wazir)

Question: Chandannagar was established as a French colony in 1673 , obtaining permission from ______ , the then Nawab of Bengal, to establish a trading post on the right bank of the river Hooghly. (a) Mansur Ali Khan (b) Murshid Quli Khan (c) Ibrahim Khan (d) Mir Zafar

✅ Answer: (c) Ibrahim Khan Explanation: * The French East India Company established Chandannagar in 1673 as a trading post after receiving permission from Ibrahim Khan, the then Mughal Subedar of Bengal. Related SSC PYQs: Who founded the city of Murshidabad? ✅ Murshid Quli Khan Which treaty led to the establishment of British control over Bengal after the Battle of Buxar (1764)? ✅ Treaty of Allahabad (1765) Which European power had settlements in Chandannagar? ✅ France

Question: Rani said to Reema, "Did you know he was not coming to my birthday?" Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in indirect speech. a) Rani asked Reema if she knew he had not gone to her birthday. b) Rani asked Reema if she knew he had not been going to her birthday. c) Rani asked Reema if she had known he had not been going to her birthday. d) Rani asked Reema if she knew he was not going to her birthday.

Final Indirect Speech: Option (c) ✅ "Rani asked Reema if she had known he had not been coming to her birthday." Past continuous in direct speech changes to past perfect continuous in indirect speech.

Question: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is calculated as a percentage of which of the following? (a) Rate of inflation (b) Net demand and time liabilities (c) Credit growth (d) Savings of customers

✅ (b) Net demand and time liabilities Explanation: Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is the percentage of a bank's Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) that must be maintained as reserves with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) . It is a tool used by the RBI to control liquidity and inflation in the economy. A higher CRR reduces the money available for lending , whereas a lower CRR increases liquidity.

Question: Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Liquidity Trap ? i. It is the point where speculative demand for money is infinitely inelastic and the liquidity preference curve becomes perfectly elastic. ii. It is the point where speculative demand for money is infinitely elastic and the liquidity preference curve becomes perfectly inelastic. iii. It is the point where speculative demand for money is infinitely elastic and the liquidity preference curve becomes perfectly elastic. iv. It is the point where speculative demand for money and the liquidity preference curves are not related. Options: (a) Only statement i is correct (b) Only statement iii is correct (c) Only statement iv is correct (d) Only statements i and ii are correct

✅ (b) Only statement iii is correct Explanation: A liquidity trap occurs when interest rates are extremely low and people prefer to hold money rather than invest in bonds or other assets. In this situation: The speculative demand for money becomes infinitely elastic (people hold cash instead of investing). The liquidity preference curve becomes perfectly elastic, meaning changes in money supply have no effect on interest rates. This matches statement iii, making it the correct answer.

Question: Direction: The sentence below has been divided into three parts. Select the part of the sentence that has an error. If the sentence has no error, select the option 'No Error'. a. Except for Joseph and I, b. everyone else seemed thoroughly c. convinced with the plan. d. No Error

Answer: Error in: Part 1) "Except for Joseph and I," Correction: "Except for Joseph and me ," Explanation: The pronoun "I" is a subject pronoun, while "me" is an object pronoun. Since "Except for" is a prepositional phrase and requires an object pronoun, "me" should be used instead of "I". Correct sentence: "Except for Joseph and me, everyone else seemed thoroughly convinced with the plan." Rule Used: Pronoun Case Rule (Subject vs. Object Pronoun Usage) - Subject Pronouns (I, he, she, we, they) are used as the subject of a sentence. - Object Pronouns (me, him, her, us, them) are used as the object of a verb or a preposition. In this sentence, "Except for" is a prepositional phrase, and pronouns following a preposition should be in objective case . Hence, "me" should be used instead of "I". Corrected Sentence: "Except for Joseph and me, everyone else seemed thoroughly convinced with the plan."

Mock Question: Q. Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select 'No improvement required'. Sentence: My father was always ordering about my sister . (A) ordering my sister about (B) giving order for my sister (C) No improvement required (D) ordering on my sister

Correct Option: (A) ordering my sister about Explanation: The correct phrase should be "ordering my sister about" , as "order about" means to give repeated commands to someone. "Ordering about my sister" is grammatically incorrect. "Giving order for my sister" is incorrect because "give an order" is used differently, often in formal or business contexts. "Ordering on my sister" is incorrect and does not make sense.

Question: Identify the segment in the sentence that contains a grammatical error: 1. Here comes Kapil Dev, 2. whom they say is the best 3. all-rounder India has ever had. 4. No error

Incorrect Segment: "whom they say is the best" Correction: "who they say is the best" Rule Used: "Who" vs. "Whom" Rule – "Who" is used as a subject, while "whom" is used as an object. In this sentence, "who" is the subject of the verb "is the best." Since "who" is performing the action (being the best), it should be in the subject form, not the object form ( whom ). 4o

Question: SSC CGL - English (Held On: 10 June 2019 Shift 2) In the sentence, identify the segment which contains the grammatical error : The match is about to begin since the captain as well as the team are on the field. Options: 1️⃣ are on the field 2️⃣ as well as the team 3️⃣ The match is about to begin 4️⃣ since the captain

The error is in option 2️⃣: "as well as the team" . Explanation: * The phrase "as well as" does not make the subject plural. * The verb should agree with "the captain" (singular subject). * Instead of "are on the field" , it should be "is on the field." Corrected Sentence: ✅ "The match is about to begin since the captain, as well as the team, is on the field." Rule Used: Subject-Verb Agreement with "As well as" * When two nouns are connected by "as well as," the verb agrees with the first noun (subject) . * The phrase "as well as" does not make the subject plural. * The verb should match only the first subject in number (singular/plural).

Question: The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them may contain an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. If you don’t find any error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer. There is a very little time / for them to prepare / for the show. 1️⃣ for them to prepare 2️⃣ for the show 3️⃣ There is a very little time 4️⃣ No error

Answer: ✅ The error is in "There is a very little time." Correction: ❌ "There is a very little time" ✅ "There is very little time" Rule Used: The phrase "a very little" is incorrect because "time" is an uncountable noun . With uncountable nouns, we use "very little" (without "a") to indicate scarcity. ✔ "Very little" = Almost no amount (correct usage with uncountable nouns) ❌ "A very little" = Incorrect with uncountable nouns (only used in specific cases when referring to a small but sufficient amount)

Question: Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select 'No improvement required'. He’s not so friendly like she is. ➤ (A) so friendly as ➤ (B) as friendly like ➤ (C) so friendly that ➤ (D) No improvement required

✔ Correct Option: (A) so friendly as Rule Used: 🔹 The correct comparative structure for "so...as" is used in negative sentences (e.g., "not so...as"). 🔹 The phrase "so friendly like" is grammatically incorrect because "like" should not be used with "so" in this comparative structure. 🔹 The correct usage is "so friendly as" , making the correct sentence: "He’s not so friendly as she is."

Question: Identify the error in the following sentence: "This is / too grave sin / to be / pardoned." Options: 🔘 pardoned 🔘too grave sin 🔘 This is 🔘 to be

Error: "too grave sin" ✔ Correction: "too grave a sin" Rule Used: 📌 When using "too" before an adjective followed by a singular countable noun, the structure should be: "too + adjective + a/an + singular noun." Correct Sentence: ✔ "This is too grave a sin to be pardoned."

Question: In the following question, each sentence has four portions marked P, Q, R, and S . Choose the portion which must be changed so that the sentence becomes correct. A gang (P)/of armed thieves has (Q)/raided (R)/the house of Mr. Gupta late last night. (S) ○ P ○ Q ○ R ○ S

✔ Q Explanation: "A gang" is a singular noun, so "has" (present perfect) might seem correct initially. However, the phrase "late last night" clearly indicates a past action. In such cases, the past perfect tense ("had raided") should be used instead of the present perfect tense ("has raided"). Grammar Rule Used: 📌 Past Perfect vs. Present Perfect Rule The present perfect tense (has/have + past participle) is used when an action has occurred at an unspecified time before now . The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used when an action was completed before another past action or time reference (here, "late last night" serves as that reference). Correct Sentence: ✅ "A gang of armed thieves had raided the house of Mr. Gupta late last night." 4o

Question: Parts of the following sentence have been given as options. Select the option that contains an error. "About the end of the month, the financial planning takes an extremely compromising turn." (a) the financial planning (b) About the end of the month (c) takes an extremely compromising turn (d) No error

✔ Correct Option: (b) About the end of the month Explanation: The phrase "About the end of the month" is incorrect. The correct phrase should be "At the end of the month" instead of "About the end of the month." Correction: "At the end of the month, the financial planning takes an extremely compromising turn."

Question: Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined words in the given sentence. "She was very passionate TOWARDS THE IDEA OF STARTING her own business." (a) about the idea of starting (b) with the idea of starting (c) on the idea of starting (d) for the idea of starting

✔ Correct Option: (a) about the idea of starting Explanation: The phrase "passionate towards" is incorrect in standard English usage. The correct preposition to use with "passionate" in this context is "about." Correction: "She was very passionate about the idea of starting her own business."

✔ Question 5: (CDS 2020 - I) Identify the error in the following sentence: Scrolling thorough my social media timeline, I hovered over a video of a minor road traffic accident. 🔹 (a) Scrolling thorough my social media timeline 🔹 (b) I hovered over a video 🔹 (c) of a minor road traffic accident 🔹 (d) No error

✔ Answer: (a) Scrolling thorough my social media timeline 📌 Rule Used: "Thorough" is incorrect. The correct word is "through" because: "Through" means moving across something, while "thorough" means detailed. 🔷 Point to Watch Out For: Be careful with similar-sounding words (homophones).

✔ Question 9: (CDS 2020 - I) Identify the error in the following sentence: If I were you, I would not go for change of job. 🔹 (a) If I were you 🔹 (b) I would not go 🔹 (c) for change of job 🔹 (d) No error

✔ Answer: (c) for change of job 📌 Rule Used: "For change of job" is incorrect. It should be "for a change of job" because: "Change" is a countable noun here, requiring an article. 🔷 Point to Watch Out For: Use articles correctly with countable nouns.

Question 51: On his way to the capital, the minister ____ the eminent social worker at his residence. Options: (a) called on (b) called (c) calling for (d) call off

✔ (a) called on Explanation: 🔹 "Call on" means to visit someone formally, which fits the sentence as the minister is visiting the social worker. 🔹 Other options do not fit grammatically or contextually: "Called" (b) is incomplete without an object. "Calling for" (c) means demanding something, which is incorrect here. "Call off" (d) means to cancel, which is irrelevant. Thus, the correct phrase is "called on." ✅

Question 53: Ravi has proved that he can ____ on his promise by winning the match. Options: (a) carry through (b) carry out (c) carry (d) carry off

✔ (b) carry out Explanation: 🔹 "Carry out" means to fulfill or execute a promise, duty, or task. Since Ravi has fulfilled his promise by winning the match, this is the most appropriate choice. 🔹 Other options: "Carry through" (a) means to complete successfully but usually in difficult situations. "Carry" (c) is incomplete and does not fit. "Carry off" (d) means to succeed in something difficult, which is not as suitable as "carry out." Thus, the correct phrase is "carry out." ✅

Question 59: The police could not establish how the accident ____ . Options: (a) came off (b) came about (c) came on (d) came out

✔ (b) came about Explanation: 🔹 "Came about" means to happen or occur , which fits well in the context of an accident. 🔹 Other options: "Came off" (a) means to succeed or detach (e.g., "The handle came off the door"). "Came on" (c) means to start or progress (e.g., "The lights came on"). "Came out" (d) means to be revealed or made public (e.g., "The truth came out"). Since the sentence is about how the accident occurred , the correct choice is "came about." ✅

"Contagious" means (संचारी, फैलने वाला) capable of spreading from one person to another, either physically (like a disease) or metaphorically (like enthusiasm or influence). 🔹 Synonyms: Transmittable, infectious, communicable

Word: Aghast Example in SSC Exams: 📌 SSC CGL 2019:

Meaning: Shocked or horrified (भौचक्का, भयभीत) Example Sentence: The audience was aghast at the magician’s unexpected trick. Synonyms: ✔ Horrified ✔ Shocked ✔ Appalled ✔ Stunned

Word: Ascertain Name and Year of Exams: SSC CGL 2019, SSC CHSL 2022, SSC CPO 2017

Hindi Meaning: सत्यापित करना, पता लगाना Synonyms: Determine, Confirm, Verify, Establish

Question 85: Sentence: Noticing the change in the behaviour of the officer, the cadets returned to their position. Options: (a) Participle (b) Present continuous (c) Noun phrase (d) Noun

Correct Answer: (a) Participle Explanation: The word "Noticing" is a present participle (verb + "ing") functioning as a participial phrase. It acts as an adjective modifying the noun "cadets," explaining what they were doing while returning. Participles are verb forms used as adjectives, making "Noticing" a participle in this case.

Question :(CDS 2020) Sentence: He has offered her another chance. Options: (a) Intransitive verb (b) Past tense (c) Perfect tense (d) Transitive verb

Correct Answer: (d) Transitive verb Explanation: The verb "has offered" is a transitive verb because it requires an object ( "her another chance" ) to complete its meaning. A transitive verb always takes a direct object , which in this case is "another chance" (what he has offered).

Question: Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error. ◯ She is one of the students ◯ who has won the scholarship for ◯ outstanding academic performance. ◯ No error

Answer: The segment containing the grammatical error is: "who has won the scholarship for" Explanation: The phrase "who has won" is incorrect because "who" refers to "students" (plural), not "she" (singular). Since "students" is plural, the correct verb should be "have" instead of "has." Rule Used: When a sentence follows the structure "one of the + plural noun + who/that/which" , the verb agrees with the plural noun, not with "one." Therefore, the correct verb should be plural ( have ) instead of singular ( has ). Correct Sentence: ✔ "She is one of the students who have won the scholarship for outstanding academic performance."

Question: Select the grammatically incorrect sentence. ◯ She not only sings beautifully but also plays the piano skilfully. ◯ Not only the students but also their teacher was excited for the trip. ◯ He not only enjoys reading novels but also writing poetry. ◯ Not only my friends but also my brother supports me in tough times.

Answer: The grammatically incorrect sentence is: ✔ "He not only enjoys reading novels but also writing poetry." Explanation: Option B: The sentence contains two subjects: "the students" (plural) and "their teacher" (singular). The Proximity Rule says that the verb should match the closer subject (here, "their teacher," which is singular). The structure "not only... but also..." must maintain parallelism in sentence construction. Here, "enjoys reading novels" (verb + gerund) is not parallel to "writing poetry" (only a gerund). To maintain parallelism, the sentence should be rewritten as: Correct Sentence: ✔ "He not only enjoys reading novels but also enjoys writing poetry." OR ✔ "He enjoys not only reading novels but also writing poetry." Rule Used: The "Not only... but also..." rule states that the words or phrases following each part of the conjunction should be grammatically parallel (same structure).

Question: Identify the segment in the sentence that contains a grammatical error. ◯ The captain and coach ◯ have taken the decision ◯ to step down from their roles. ◯ No error

Answer: ✔ The error is in the segment: "The captain and coach" Explanation: The phrase "The captain and coach" suggests that one person is holding both roles (captain and coach). However, if the sentence refers to two different people (one as the captain and another as the coach), then "The" should be repeated before 'coach' to clarify that they are separate individuals. Correct Sentence: ✔ If referring to one person: ✅ "The captain and coach has made the decision to step down from his role." (Singular verb "has" because it's one person) ✔ If referring to two different people: ✅ "The captain and the coach have made the decision to step down from their roles." Rule Used: ✔ Article Usage Rule: When two nouns share the same article ("The captain and coach") , it means one person holds both titles . If two different people are meant, then "The" must be used before both nouns ( "The captain and the coach" ).

Question: Convert the following sentence into indirect speech : "He said, 'I was playing football when it started raining.'" (A) He said that he was playing football when it had started raining. (B) He said that he had been playing football when it started raining. (C) He said that he played football when it started raining. (D) He said that he was playing football then it started raining.

Answer: ✔ (B) He said that he had been playing football when it started raining. Explanation: The sentence is in direct speech (past continuous: was playing ). When changing to indirect speech , past continuous ( was playing ) changes to past perfect continuous ( had been playing ). The past simple tense ( started raining ) remains unchanged. Thus, the correct answer is: ✔ "He said that he had been playing football when it started raining."

Find out the spotted part: (A) The Indian team (B) won by one inning (C) and 55 runs. (D) No error

✔ Correct Answer: ✅ Error in part (B): "inning" should be "innings" Corrected Sentence: ✅ "The Indian team won by one innings and 55 runs." Explanation: The word "innings" is always used in both singular and plural forms in cricket. "Inning" is incorrect in this context. 📌 Examples: ✔ Correct: "Virat Kohli played a great innings." ✔ Correct: "India had two innings in the Test match." ❌ Incorrect: "India won by one inning." Additional Notes from Image: ✔ Summon (V) – To call someone officially ✔ Summons (N - Singular) – An official order ✔ Summonses (Plural) – More than one summons

Question: Identify the grammatical errors in the following sentence and correct them: "Subhas Chandra Bose was the greater than any Indian leader of the history." Options: a) Subhas Chandra Bose was greater than any Indian leader in history. b) Subhas Chandra Bose was the greatest than any Indian leader in the history. c) Subhas Chandra Bose was more greater than any Indian leader of history. d) Subhas Chandra Bose was the greater than all Indian leaders of history.

✅ Correct Answer: ✔ Option (a) – "Subhas Chandra Bose was greater than any Indian leader in history." Correction of "was the greater" → "was greater" "Greater" is a comparative adjective, and "the" is unnecessary before it. Correct form: "was greater than" Correction of "any Indian leader of the history" → "any Indian leader in history" "Of the history" is incorrect. The correct phrase is "in history." 📖 Additional Important Information: ✔ Comparative vs. Superlative: Greater than → Used for comparison between two subjects. Greatest → Used for the highest degree among all subjects. ✔ "In History" vs. "Of History": ✅ "In history" → Used for general historical references. ❌ "Of history" → Incorrect unless used in a phrase like "one of the greatest leaders of history." ✔ Avoid Double Comparatives: ❌ "More greater" is incorrect because "greater" is already a comparative word. ✔ "Any" in Comparisons: He is stronger than any player on the team. (Means he is stronger than all players on the team.) 📜 Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ Identify the error: "She is the most fastest runner in the school." SSC CGL 2023 Options: a) She is the fastest runner in the school. b) She is the most fast runner in the school. c) She is fastest runner in the school. d) She is most fastest runner in the school. ✅ Correct Answer: Option (a) – "She is the fastest runner in the school." 2️⃣ Choose the correct sentence: SSC CHSL 2022 a) This is the most best movie I have ever seen. b) This is the best movie I have ever seen. c) This is a more best movie I have ever seen. d) This is bestest movie I have ever seen. ✅ Correct Answer: Option (b) – "This is the best movie I have ever seen." 3️⃣ Find the error: "No any student was absent in the class." SSC MTS 2021 Options: a) No student was absent in the class. b) No any students were absent in the class. c) Not any student was absent in the class. d) No student absent in the class. ✅ Correct Answer: Option (a) – "No student was absent in the class." 🔹 One-Word Quick Revision Facts: Superlative Rule: Never use most with a superlative adjective ( best, fastest, strongest ). Comparative Rule: Always use than with a comparative adjective ( greater than, faster than ). "No" vs. "No Any": Never use "no any," just use "no." "In History" vs. "Of History": Use "in history" for general historical references.

Question: Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence: "Everybody knows that Bhutan is the most peaceful of all other countries of the world." Options: a) Everybody knows b) that Bhutan is the most peaceful of c) all other countries of the world d) No error

✅ Correct Answer: ✔ Option (c) – "all other countries of the world" ✅ Corrected Sentence: "Everybody knows that Bhutan is the most peaceful of all countries of the world." 📌 Detailed Explanation: Error in "all other countries of the world" The phrase "all other countries" is incorrect when using a superlative form ( "most peaceful" ). Superlative adjectives (e.g., most peaceful, tallest, best ) compare one subject with all others, so "other" is unnecessary. Correct phrase: "all countries of the world." Rule for Superlatives: Incorrect: Mount Everest is the highest of all other mountains in the world. Correct: Mount Everest is the highest of all mountains in the world. Reason: "Other" is redundant when using a superlative adjective. 📖 Additional Important Information: ✔ Difference Between "Other" and "All" in Comparisons: Use "Other" when comparing one with a group it belongs to. India is larger than any other country in South Asia. Do Not Use "Other" with a superlative adjective. India is the largest of all countries in South Asia. (Not "all other countries") ✔ Superlative Rule: Use "the most/the -est" when comparing one against an entire group. Example: ✅ He is the smartest student in the class. ❌ He is the smartest of all other students in the class. 📜 Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ Find the error: "She is the most tallest girl in the school." SSC CGL 2023 Options: a) She is the most tallest girl in the school. b) She is the tallest girl in the school. c) She is most tallest girl in the school. d) No error ✅ Correct Answer: Option (b) – "She is the tallest girl in the school." 2️⃣ Choose the correct sentence: SSC CHSL 2022 a) He is the strongest of all other players in the team. b) He is the strongest of all players in the team. c) He is stronger than all the players in the team. d) He is strongest than any other player in the team. ✅ Correct Answer: Option (b) – "He is the strongest of all players in the team." 3️⃣ Identify the error: "This is the most best decision you have taken." SSC MTS 2021 Options: a) This is the best decision you have taken. b) This is the most better decision you have taken. c) This is most best decision you have taken. d) No error ✅ Correct Answer: Option (a) – "This is the best decision you have taken." 🔹 One-Word Quick Revision Facts: Superlative Rule: Never use most with a superlative adjective ( best, tallest, strongest ). "All Other" vs. "All": Use "all countries," not "all other countries" in superlative comparisons. "Other" in Comparisons: Use "other" only in comparative structures, not with superlatives. "In the World" vs. "Of the World": Both are correct, but "in the world" is more common in modern usage.

The following sentence has been divided into parts. One of them contains an error. Select the part that contains the error from the given options. Sentence: At the last meeting / which took place in November, / half the members submitted / their resignations on protest. Options: (A) At the last meeting (B) which took place in November (C) half the members submitted (D) their resignations on protest

Answer: ✔ Error: (D) their resignations on protest ✔ Correction: The correct phrase should be "their resignations in protest" instead of "on protest." Detailed Explanation: The preposition "on" is incorrect in this context. The correct phrase is "in protest," which means an action taken to express disagreement or disapproval. For example, one might resign in protest against unfair policies. Additional Important Information: ✔ The phrase "on protest" is incorrect in English grammar and is not used in formal writing. ✔ Common expressions using "protest": In protest: He walked out in protest against the decision. Protest against: They organized a rally to protest against corruption. ✔ The verb "submit" is correctly used in the sentence, meaning to formally present something. Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ Identify the grammatical error: "He protested on the unfair treatment by the authorities." (A) He protested (B) on the unfair treatment (C) by the authorities (D) No error ✔ Answer: (B) on the unfair treatment (Correction: "against the unfair treatment" ) 📌 SSC CGL 2022 2️⃣ Choose the correct phrase: "The workers went on strike ______ the company's decision." (A) on protest against (B) in protest against (C) in protest on (D) on protest with ✔ Answer: (B) in protest against 📌 SSC CHSL 2021 One-Word Quick Revision Facts: ✔ Resignation in protest = Quitting due to disagreement ✔ Protest against = Opposing something ✔ Submit a resignation = Formally leave a job

Kala-azar disease is caused by ______. (CGL 2020) (A) Fungi (B) Viruses (C) Bacteria (D) Protozoa ✅ Correct Answer: ✔ (D) Protozoa

📖 Detailed Explanation: ✔ Kala-azar, also known as Visceral Leishmaniasis , is caused by the Leishmania parasite, which belongs to the protozoa group. ✔ It is transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies ( Phlebotomus argentipes in India). ✔ This disease primarily affects the liver, spleen, and bone marrow , causing severe symptoms such as: Prolonged fever Significant weight loss Enlarged spleen and liver (splenomegaly & hepatomegaly) Severe anemia 📌 Additional Important Information: ✔ Causative Agent: Leishmania donovani (a protozoan parasite). ✔ Mode of Transmission: Bite of the infected female sandfly . ✔ Regions Affected: Mostly found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sudan, Brazil, and Ethiopia . ✔ India's Kala-azar Belt: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. ✔ Treatment: Miltefosine (first oral drug) Amphotericin B Sodium stibogluconate 📚 Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ SSC CGL 2021 Which organism causes Kala-azar? ✔ Answer: (B) Leishmania 2️⃣ SSC CHSL 2020 Kala-azar is transmitted by which vector? ✔ Answer: (C) Sandfly 3️⃣ SSC GD 2018 Which disease is caused by protozoa? ✔ Answer: (C) Kala-azar 4️⃣ SSC CPO 2017 Leishmania donovani affects which organ? ✔ Answer: (B) Liver and spleen 🔮 Anticipated Questions (Expected in Future SSC Exams) 1️⃣ What is the other name of Kala-azar? ✔ Answer: (B) Visceral Leishmaniasis 2️⃣ Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by protozoa? (A) Sleeping Sickness (B) Kala-azar (C) Tuberculosis (D) Malaria ✔ Answer: (C) Tuberculosis 3️⃣ Which government initiative aims to eliminate Kala-azar in India? ✔ Answer: (C) National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 4️⃣ Kala-azar mainly affects which type of blood cells? ✔ Answer: (B) White Blood Cells (WBCs) 5️⃣ Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Kala-azar? (A) Enlarged spleen (B) High fever for more than 2 weeks (C) Skin rash (D) Paralysis ✔ Answer: (D) Paralysis 📘 Interconnected Static GK: ✔ Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) is also caused by a protozoa ( Trypanosoma ), but it is transmitted by the Tsetse fly , not the sandfly. ✔ Malaria is another protozoal disease , but it is caused by Plasmodium spp . and transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito . ✔ Dengue, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever are caused by viruses and spread by Aedes mosquitoes . ✔ Fungal diseases like Ringworm and Athlete’s Foot are caused by Dermatophyte fungi . ✔ Bacterial diseases like Tuberculosis and Typhoid are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhi , respectively. 📝 One-Word Quick Revision Facts: ✔ Kala-azar Causative Agent: Leishmania donovani (Protozoa) ✔ Vector: Female sandfly ✔ Disease Type: Protozoal infection ✔ Affected Organs: Liver, spleen, bone marrow ✔ Treatment: Miltefosine, Amphotericin B ✔ Kala-azar is part of: Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD)

In which of the following states are the Son Bhandar Caves located? (A) Uttar Pradesh (B) Assam (C) Bihar (D) Odisha (SSC CGL 2020)

✅ Correct Answer: ✔ (C) Bihar 📖 Detailed Explanation: ✔ The Son Bhandar Caves are rock-cut caves located in Rajgir, Bihar . ✔ These caves are believed to have been constructed during the Gupta period and are associated with Jain monks . ✔ The cave walls contain Brahmi script inscriptions , which are considered historically significant. 📌 Additional Important Information: ✔ State: Bihar ✔ Location: Rajgir, Nalanda district ✔ Associated Religion: Jainism ✔ Period: Gupta Period (~4th century CE) ✔ Inscriptions: Found in Brahmi script ✔ Nearby Sites: Nalanda University (Ancient Buddhist learning center) Barabar Caves (Oldest rock-cut caves in India. Jehanabad district, Bihar, India.) Vishwa Shanti Stupa (Peace Pagoda in Rajgir) 📚 Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ SSC CGL 2022 Which ancient rock-cut caves are located in Rajgir, Bihar? (A) Udayagiri Caves (B) Elephanta Caves (C) Son Bhandar Caves (D) Karla Caves ✔ Answer: (C) Son Bhandar Caves 2️⃣ SSC CHSL 2020 Which of the following caves is associated with Jain monks? (A) Bhimbetka Caves (B) Son Bhandar Caves (C) Ajanta Caves (D) Ellora Caves ✔ Answer: (B) Son Bhandar Caves 3️⃣ SSC CPO 2018 The Barabar Caves are associated with which ruler? (A) Ashoka (B) Chandragupta Maurya (C) Harsha (D) Samudragupta ✔ Answer: (A) Ashoka 4️⃣ SSC GD 2019 Which of the following is the oldest rock-cut cave in India? (A) Ajanta Caves (B) Barabar Caves (C) Ellora Caves (D) Udayagiri Caves ✔ Answer: (B) Barabar Caves 5️⃣ SSC CGL 2017 Where is the famous Nagarjuna Caves located? (A) Madhya Pradesh (B) Bihar (C) Maharashtra (D) Odisha ✔ Answer: (B) Bihar 🔮 Anticipated Questions (Expected in Future SSC Exams) 1️⃣ Which ancient university was located near the Son Bhandar Caves? (A) Takshashila (B) Nalanda (C) Vikramshila (D) Vallabhi ✔ Answer: (B) Nalanda 2️⃣ Which caves in Bihar are associated with Buddhism? (A) Son Bhandar Caves (B) Barabar Caves (C) Elephanta Caves (D) Jogimara Caves ✔ Answer: (B) Barabar Caves 3️⃣ Which script is found in the inscriptions of Son Bhandar Caves? (A) Devanagari (B) Kharosthi (C) Brahmi (D) Tamil-Brahmi ✔ Answer: (C) Brahmi 4️⃣ The Barabar Caves were built during the reign of which emperor? (A) Chandragupta Maurya (B) Bindusara (C) Ashoka (D) Harsha ✔ Answer: (C) Ashoka 5️⃣ Which is the largest rock-cut cave temple in India? (A) Badami Caves (B) Ellora Caves (C) Ajanta Caves (D) Elephanta Caves ✔ Answer: (B) Ellora Caves 📘 Interconnected Static GK: ✔ Barabar Caves (Bihar): Oldest rock-cut caves, built during Ashoka’s reign . ✔ Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra): Buddhist cave paintings. ✔ Ellora Caves (Maharashtra): Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cave temples. ✔ Udayagiri & Khandagiri Caves (Odisha): Jain rock-cut caves, built by King Kharavela . ✔ Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra): Hindu sculptures, famous for Trimurti Shiva . 📝 One-Word Quick Revision Facts: ✔ Son Bhandar Caves Location: Rajgir, Bihar ✔ Associated Religion: Jainism ✔ Rock-Cut Period: Gupta Era ✔ Script Found: Brahmi ✔ Oldest Rock-Cut Cave: Barabar Caves ✔ Largest Cave Complex: Ellora Caves

📘 English – Preposition Usage (SSC Mock Style) Q. Choose the most appropriate option to make the sentence sensibly correct. He aspires _______ a scientific career. 🔘 On 🔘 For 🔘 To 🔘 With Q2. The teacher was angry ______ the student. 🔘 on 🔘 with 🔘 at 🔘 of Q3. He congratulated me ______ my success. 🔘 on 🔘 for 🔘 about 🔘 of Q4. The fire brigade put ______ the fire before it spread. 🔘 up 🔘 off 🔘 out 🔘 down

✅ Correct Answer: To 📚 Detailed Explanation: The verb "aspire" is always followed by the preposition "to" when used with a noun or noun phrase. ✔ Correct usage: "He aspires to a scientific career." ❌ Incorrect: "Aspires for," "Aspires on," or "Aspires with" – these are not grammatically valid constructions with "aspire." 📌 Example Sentences: She aspires to excellence in her field. Many students aspire to government jobs. 🔷 Related SSC PYQs: Q. He is addicted _________ gambling. SSC CHSL 2021 – ✅ to Q. She is fond _________ classical music. SSC CGL 2019 – ✅ of Q. He prevented me ________ going out. SSC MTS 2020 – ✅ from Q. The officer was accused ________ negligence. SSC CGL 2018 – ✅ of Q. They insisted ________ coming with us. SSC GD 2021 – ✅ on ⚡ One-Word Quick Revision Facts: Addicted to – (SSC CHSL 2021) Fond of – (SSC CGL 2019) Prevented from – (SSC MTS 2020) Accused of – (SSC CGL 2018) Insisted on – (SSC GD 2021) Q.2 ✅ Correct Answer: on 📌 Explanation: The standard phrase is "congratulate (someone) on (something)". (RRB NTPC 2019) ✏️ Trap: "For" is often wrongly picked. Q.3 ✅ Correct Answer: with 📌 Explanation: "Angry with" is used for people; "Angry at" for situations. (SSC MTS 2021) ✏️ Trap: Many mark "angry on" — incorrect. Q.4 ✅ Correct Answer: out 📌 “Put out” = extinguish a fire ✏️ Trap: “Put down” means insult or suppress; “Put off” = postpone 🧠 PYQ Style: Appeared in RRB NTPC 2021

Grammar Flashcards

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:
The following sentence has been split into four segments. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error.

(A) Many a youngster
(B) are disheartened
(C) due to joblessness.
(D) No error

Back

Answer:
Correct Option: (b) are disheartened

Rule Used:

The phrase "Many a" is always followed by a singular noun and a singular verb.
In this case, "Many a youngster" is singular, so it should be followed by "is disheartened" instead of "are disheartened."

Correct Sentence:

✅ "Many a youngster is disheartened due to joblessness."

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:
Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence. In case no improvement is needed, select 'No improvement required'.

I don’t like you talking to Radhika in that manner.

(a) I don’t like you talk
(b) I don’t like your talk
(c) I don’t like your talking
(d) No Improvement

Back

Correct Option: (c) I don’t like your talking

Rule Used:

When a verb (like "talking") is used as a noun (gerund), it is preceded by a possessive adjective (like "your") instead of an object pronoun ("you").
"Talking" is a gerund here, so the correct structure is "I don’t like your talking."

Correct Sentence:

✅ "I don’t like your talking to Radhika in that manner."

4o

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:
Identify the part of the sentence that contains a grammatical error. If there is no error, select 'No error.'

Sentence:
Mrs. Verma refused / the second helping / of ice cream.

(A) the second helping
(B) of ice cream
(C) Mrs. Verma refused
(D) No error

Back

Answer:
(D) No error

Explanation:
The sentence is grammatically correct. "Refused" is the correct verb usage, and "the second helping of ice cream" is a proper noun phrase. There is no violation of grammar rules in this sentence.

Rule Applied:
Correct verb usage and noun phrase structure—"Refuse" is correctly used as a transitive verb followed by an appropriate object.

In the given sentence 'helping of' means 'the amount of it that you get in a single serving'.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:
Select the option that will improve the underlined part of the given sentence. If no improvement is needed, select 'No improvement required.'

Sentence:
There are a bit nice shops in the town centre.

(A) a bit nicer
(B) far more nicer
(C) far nicer
(D) No improvement required

Back

A) a bit nicer

Explanation:
The phrase "a bit nice" is incorrect because "a bit" is generally used with comparative adjectives. The correct form should be "a bit nicer" instead of "a bit nice."

Option (C) "far nicer" is incorrect in this context because:

If the sentence were "There are far nicer shops in the town centre.", it would be grammatically correct but would change the degree of emphasis significantly.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

"They tied him up (1) ______ a tree."

Options:
(A) over
(B) along
(C) against
(D) above

Back

Correct Answer:

✅ (C) against

Explanation:

"Tie up against a tree" is the correct phrase because when something is secured or pressed next to a vertical surface, we use "against."
"Over" means above or across, which doesn’t fit.
"Along" means beside something in a linear direction, which isn’t appropriate here.
"Above" means at a higher position, which is incorrect in this context.

Thus, "against" is the most suitable choice. ✅

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.

Sentence:
"He quickly ran and (4) ______ on the ropes to set the lion free."

Options:
(A) chews
(B) gnawed
(C) nibble
(D) bitten

Back

Correct Answer:

✅ (B) gnawed

Explanation:

"Gnawed" means to bite or chew something repeatedly and with force, which fits perfectly as the mouse is trying to cut the rope.
"Chews" is incorrect because it is the present tense, and the sentence is in the past tense.
"Nibble" means to take small, gentle bites, which is not forceful enough to cut a rope.
"Bitten" is the past participle of "bite" but does not fit grammatically in the sentence.

Thus, "gnawed" is the most appropriate word. ✅

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

Identify the segment in the sentence which contains the grammatical error.

Alex picked up the boxes quite easily even they were heavy.

Options:
(A) the boxes
(B) even they were heavy
(C) quite easily
(D) Alex picked up

Back

The error is in "even they were heavy."

he correct phrase should be "even though they were heavy."

Grammar Rule Used:

"Even though" is a subordinating conjunction that introduces a contrast.
"Even" alone cannot be used as a conjunction.

8.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

The following sentence has been split into segments. One of them may contain an error. Identify the segment that contains a grammatical error. If you don't find any error, mark 'No error' as your answer.

Sunil refused to / attend the meeting / of association on Saturday.

Options:
(A) of association on Saturday
(B) No error
(C) attend the meeting
(D) Sunil refused to

Back

The error is in "of association on Saturday."

Correction:

The correct phrase should be "of the association on Saturday."

Grammar Rule Used:

In English, when referring to a specific organization, committee, or association, we use "the" before it.
"Association" is a singular, definite noun, so it must have the article "the."

9.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect speech.

Direct Speech:
She said to him, "May God shower his choicest blessings on you!"

Options:
(A) She wished that God might shower his choicest blessings on him.
(B) She wished that may God shower your choicest blessings on Him.
(C) She wished that God might shower his choicest blessings on you.
(D) She wished that God may shower his choicest blessings on you.

Back

Answer:

The correct answer is: "She wished that God might shower his choicest blessings on him."

Grammar Rule Used:

"May" changes to "might" in indirect speech.
The pronouns change appropriately:
- "You" (referring to him) changes to "him."
The reporting verb "said" is replaced by "wished" when expressing a wish or blessing.

✅ Corrected Indirect Speech:
"She wished that God might shower his choicest blessings on him."

10.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:
Select the option that expresses the given sentence in indirect speech.

Nelson said, "I was playing cricket."

(a) Nelson said that he was playing cricket.
(b) Nelson said that he had been playing cricket.
(c) Nelson said I was playing cricket.
(d) Nelson said that I was playing cricket.

Back

Answer:
The correct answer is:

(b) Nelson said that he had been playing cricket.

Explanation:

The given sentence is in past continuous tense (was playing).
When converting to indirect speech, past continuous changes to past perfect continuous (had been playing).
Pronoun "I" changes to "he" (as per subject Nelson).

Thus, the correct transformation is:
"Nelson said that he had been playing cricket."

Grammar

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