Sedimentary Rock Formation Vocabulary (5.10B)

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What are fossil fuels?

Back

Fossil fuels are energy sources formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals. Examples include coal, petroleum (oil), and natural gas.

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What is sedimentary rock?

Back

Sedimentary rock is a type of rock formed when tiny pieces of other rocks, sand, mud, or the remains of plants and animals settle in layers, get compacted together over time, and harden into solid rock, often with visible layers.

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What is compaction in geology?

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Compaction is the process by which overlying pressure from rocks and soil reduces the size or volume of sediments.

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What is sediment?

Back

Sediment refers to small pieces of weathered rock that can accumulate in layers.

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What is weathering?

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Weathering is the breaking down of larger rocks into smaller pieces called sediment.

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What is deposition?

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Deposition is the process by which sediments settle out of a transporting medium, such as water or air, and accumulate in layers.

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What is cementation?

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Cementation is the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together, forming solid rock.

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What is erosion?

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Erosion is the process by which rocks and soil are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice.

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What is a fossil?

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A fossil is the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, often found in sedimentary rock.

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What is the rock cycle?

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The rock cycle is the continuous process by which rocks are formed, broken down, and reformed over geological time.