Attribution Theory and Person Perception

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Dispositional attributions

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Relate to internal qualities of others (such as intelligence or personality).

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Situational attributions

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Relate to external circumstances that are experienced.

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Explanatory style

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How people explain good and bad events in their lives and in the lives of others. Explanatory style can be optimistic or pessimistic.

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Actor/observer bias

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A tendency to attribute other people's actions to their personality or character, while attributing one's own actions to external factors.

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Fundamental attribution error

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Underestimating situational influences when evaluating the behavior of someone else.

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Self-serving bias

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Crediting your own successes to disposition, but attributing your own failures to situation.

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Internal locus of control

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The belief that one can control their own fate.

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External locus of control

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The belief that luck and external factors control one's fate.

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Mere exposure effect

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Individuals show an increased preference (or liking) for a stimulus as a consequence of repeated exposure to that stimulus.

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Self-fulfilling prophecy

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People can behave in ways that elicit behaviors from others that confirm their beliefs or perceptions about themselves or others.