Imperialism and Nationalism

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British East India Company

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A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism, controlling the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

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Sepoy Mutiny

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An 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India.

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Raj

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British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria.

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Indian National Congress

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A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government, led by Mohandas K. Gandhi after 1920.

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Muslim League

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An organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, later proposing that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations.

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The Opium War

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A conflict between Britain and China, lasting from 1839 to 1842, over Britain's opium trade in China.

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Unequal Treaties

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Trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion, giving Western powers trade benefits.

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Extraterritoriality

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Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

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Taiping Rebellion

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A mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan.

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Boxer Rebellion

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1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the 'foreign devils', ended by British troops.