Unit 11: The Immune System

Front

What is the primary function of the immune system?

Back

To protect the body against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders.

Front

Define the term 'inflammation'.

Back

A biological response to harmful stimuli, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, aimed at healing and protecting the body.

Front

What role does the spleen play in the immune system?

Back

The spleen filters blood, removes old or damaged blood cells, and helps produce immune responses.

Front

What are the first line of defense barriers in the immune system?

Back

Physical and chemical barriers such as skin, mucous membranes, and secretions that prevent pathogen entry.

Front

Explain the 'Hygiene Hypothesis'.

Back

The theory that a lack of exposure to microbes in early childhood can lead to an increased risk of allergies and autoimmune diseases due to an over-reactive immune system.

Front

What is the function of leukocytes?

Back

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are crucial for the immune response, identifying and attacking pathogens.

Front

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Back

Innate immunity is the body's immediate, non-specific response to pathogens, while adaptive immunity is a delayed, specific response that develops over time.

Front

What is an antigen?

Back

A substance that triggers an immune response, often found on the surface of pathogens.

Front

Define 'antibody'.

Back

A protein produced by the immune system that specifically binds to antigens to neutralize or destroy them.

Front

What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?

Back

The thymus is where T-cells mature and differentiate, playing a critical role in the adaptive immune response.