Statistical Studies Key Terms Review

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What is an Observational Study?

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An Observational Study is a type of research where the researcher observes subjects in their natural environment without manipulating any variables.

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What is an Experiment in research?

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An Experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable.

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Define Sample in statistics.

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A Sample is a subset of a population that is used to represent the entire group.

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Define Population in statistics.

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A Population consists of all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied.

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What is a Statistical Question?

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A Statistical Question is one that anticipates variability in the data and can be answered by collecting data.

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What is the difference between Sample and Population?

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A Sample is a smaller group selected from a Population, which is the entire group being studied.

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What is the purpose of Random Assignment in experiments?

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Random Assignment is used to ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, reducing bias.

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What is a Variable in research?

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A Variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

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What is a Control Group?

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A Control Group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment and is used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do.

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What is a Dependent Variable?

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A Dependent Variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment, which is affected by the independent variable.