Key Concepts in South African History

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Pan-Africanism

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A movement for the political union of all the African nations.

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Apartheid

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Racial segregation; specifically, a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa.

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African National Congress (ANC)

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Organization formed in 1912 to work for the equal treatment of the non-white population.

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Nelson Mandela

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South African statesman who fought against apartheid and was released from prison to become the nation’s first black democratically elected president in 1994.

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F. W. De Klerk

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Last president of South Africa under apartheid. He allowed the ANC to become a political party in 1990, and helped release Nelson Mandela from prison.