Westward Expansion

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Territory

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A defined area, including land and waters, that is considered to be under the jurisdiction of a governmental authority.

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Annex

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To incorporate a territory into another geo-political entity, such as a country or state.

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Emigrant

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A person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another.

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Pioneer

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A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.

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Canal

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An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation.

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Forty Niner

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A participant in the 1849 California Gold Rush.

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Treaty

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A formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.

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Manifest Destiny

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The belief that America had the right to expand westward

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Mountain Man

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An explorer who lives in the wilderness, especially in the Rocky Mountains.

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49th Parallel

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A line of latitude that divided the area controlled by the United States and Great Britain