Historical and Geographical Terms

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Primary Document

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A document created at the time of an event, such as letters, diaries, or photographs.

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Secondary Document

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A document that interprets or analyzes primary sources, like textbooks or articles.

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Compass Rose

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A symbol on a map that shows directions (north, south, east, west).

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Latitude

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Imaginary lines that run east to west on a map, measuring distance north or south of the Equator.

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Longitude

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Imaginary lines that run north to south on a map, measuring distance east or west of the Prime Meridian.

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Equator

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An imaginary line that circles the Earth, dividing it into northern and southern halves.

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Prime Meridian

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An imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole, dividing the Earth into eastern and western halves.

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Hemisphere

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Half of the Earth, divided into northern, southern, eastern, and western halves.

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Columbian Exchange

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The transfer of goods, people, plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) and the New World (Americas).

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Mercantilism

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An economic system where colonies exist to provide wealth and resources to their home country.