Cultural Concepts and Terms

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Culture

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Shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors of a group.

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Hearth

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Areas where cultures and innovations originated and spread.

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Pop culture

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Practiced by large, heterogeneous groups; spread through contagious or hierarchical diffusion; traceable to a particular hearth (often developed countries).

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Folk/Traditional Culture

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Practiced by small, isolated, homogeneous groups; spread through relocation diffusion; typically unknown hearths.

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Material Culture

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Tangible objects like buildings, clothing, and tools; artifacts.

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Non-Material Culture

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Ideas, beliefs, values, and norms (e.g., religion, language).

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Race

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Scientific classification based on biological characteristics passed down from a common ancestor.

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Ethnicity

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Identity shared by a group that is based on common cultural characteristics.

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Nationalism

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A group of people that have a legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country, and push for self-determination and political independence.

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Cultural Landscape

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The visible impact of culture on the landscape, including architecture, agricultural patterns, and urban layouts.