Genetics Vocab

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Homozygous

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Having two of the same alleles for a trait (e.g., TT or tt).

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Allele

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The different forms of a gene (e.g., yellow vs. green seeds).

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Trait

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A specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes.

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Heterozygous

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Having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Tt).

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Heredity

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The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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Genotype

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The genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.

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Phenotype

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The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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Dominant Allele

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An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele (e.g., T in Tt).

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Recessive Allele

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An allele that only expresses its phenotype when two copies are present (e.g., tt).

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Punnett Square

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A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.