S6 Chapter3 Flashcards

Front

What are igneous rocks, and how are they formed?

Back

Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies.

Magma cools below the Earth's surface to form intrusive rocks, and lava cools on the surface to form extrusive rocks.

Front

Give an example of intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.

Back

• Intrusive: Granite

• Extrusive: Basalt

Front

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Back

Sedimentary rocks form through weathering, transportation, deposition, compression, and cementation of sediments.

Front

Name two types of sedimentary rocks and their origins.

Back

• Sandstone: Made from compacted sand.

• Limestone: Made from shells of sea animals.

Front

Why are fossils found in sedimentary rocks?

Back

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks because these rocks form from layers of sediments that bury and preserve the remains of plants and animals without heat or pressure.

Front

What are metamorphic rocks, and how do they form?

Back

Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure, which change their structure and mineral composition.

Front

Give an example of a metamorphic rock and its parent rock.

Back

• Metamorphic rock: Marble

• Parent rock: Limestone

Front

What is the rock cycle?

Back

The rock cycle describes how rocks transform between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types through processes like melting, cooling, weathering, erosion, and heat and pressure.

Front

What is soil made of?

Back

Soil is made of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air.

Front

Why is loam the best soil for farming?

Back

Loam is the best soil for farming because it has a balanced mix of sand, silt, and clay, which retains nutrients and water while allowing good drainage.